QR Seal is a privacy-preserving multisig wallet built on Ethereum using account abstraction (ERC-4337) and Schnorr signatures. It allows multiple parties to sign transactions off-chain via QR codes, then broadcast a single on-chain transaction with constant gas costs regardless of signer count.

How does QR Seal protect signer privacy?

Unlike traditional multisig wallets where every signer's address is visible on-chain, QR Seal uses Schnorr signature aggregation to combine multiple signatures into one. This means individual signers remain anonymous—only the final aggregated signature appears on the blockchain.

Why are gas costs constant in QR Seal?

Traditional multisig wallets verify each signature separately, so gas costs scale linearly with the number of signers (3 signers = 3x gas cost). QR Seal verifies a single aggregated Schnorr signature regardless of how many people signed, keeping gas costs at approximately 4,000 gas per transaction.

What is account abstraction (ERC-4337)?

Account abstraction (ERC-4337) is an Ethereum standard that allows smart contract wallets to function like regular accounts. It enables advanced features like custom signature schemes (like Schnorr), gas sponsorship, and programmable transaction logic without requiring changes to Ethereum's core protocol.

How long did it take to build QR Seal?

The goodmorning team—Borislav Itskov, Kaloyan Kosev, and Gergana Mihaylova—built QR Seal's MVP in 48 hours during the ETH Prague 2023 hackathon. The project won the Ethereum Future Award for its innovative approach to multisig privacy and gas optimization.

Can I use QR Seal for my business transactions?

QR Seal is currently a proof-of-concept built during a hackathon. While the core technology works, it would need additional security audits, testing, and production hardening before being used for real business transactions involving significant funds.

What are Schnorr signatures?

Schnorr signatures are a cryptographic signature scheme that allows multiple signatures to be aggregated into a single signature. This enables privacy (individual signers aren't revealed) and efficiency (constant verification cost) that traditional ECDSA signatures used in most Ethereum wallets cannot provide.

What was the biggest technical challenge building QR Seal?

The biggest challenge was managing nonce state synchronization across multiple devices during off-chain signing. QR code data compression was also critical—encoding complex cryptographic information into scannable formats that work reliably across different devices and lighting conditions required careful optimization.

ETH Prague 2023: Winning the Ethereum Future Award with QR Seal in 48 hours

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goodmorning is an international Web3 development company specializing in building blockchain infrastructure. We have over 10 years of experience in smart contract auditing, dapp prototype development, wallet development, and Web3 technical consulting.

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